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Encapsulation of active components and their applications in food industry
Malčíková, Hana ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
The Diploma thesis is focused on encapsulation of bioactive compounds which are contained in selected superfoods for the purpose of application to childrens nutrition supplements. In view of the nature of selected samples, which are seaweed, walnuts, hemp seed and flax seed, the emphasis is put on the content of omega-3 and omega-6 acids. The theoretical part introduces topic of children food, further it describes the nature of selected superfoods and last but not least it contains screening of available childrens food supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids on the market. In the experimental part, an optimization of the appropriate type of extract was made. A 24 hour aqueous macerate and 20% ethanol macerate were selected for next analyzes. Samples were characterized by content of polyphenols, flavonoids and the antioxidant activity and they were used to forming of extracts were encapsulated into liposomes for which their encapsulation efficiency, stability and long-term stability have been tested. Hexan extracts were also prepared for the same reasons. It was found that liposomes of selected superfoods should not be stored for 12 weeks. The samples were used analyzed for the carbohydrate content by the duboise method, a protein content by the Kjeldahl method and the determination of the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography. Furthermore, the content of carotenoids and chlorophylls in algae samples was determined by spectrophotometry and this analysis was verified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The technique of high-performance liquid chromatography was also used to verified a content of polyphenols in the algae samples. Finally, a sensory analysis of prepared alginate supplements containing algae and cold-pressed oils was performer in combinations to achieve a higher omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid content. The F01-labeled sample containing wakame algae was evaluated as the best one.
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Production of lipids and lipid-soluble compounds by some yeasts and algae
Šimanský, Samuel ; Rapta, Marek (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The submitted bachelor thesis focuses on production of lipids and lipid-soluble compounds by selected strains of carotenogenic yeasts, autotrophic algae and cyanobacteria. Different forms of stress were applied on selected strains and its influence was subsequently compared. The theoretical part deals with the processing of knowledge about selected strains of yeast, algae and cyanobacteria. There are also mentioned the selected metabolites (lipids, carotenoids, ergosterol, ubiquinone and chlorophyll) and the possibilities of their determination. The experimental part deals primarily with the influence of nutritional stress on the production of selected metabolites and the yeast biomass, namely their growth properties on waste fat. Furthermore, there was monitored the effect of elevated and reduced temperature on the cultivation of yeasts, algae and cyanobacteria. Osmotic stress experiments were also carried out by the addition of NaCl. As the most suitable strain for decomposition of the waste fat was selected Sporidiobolus pararoseus, particularly because of its high content of carotenoids, ergosterols and ubiquinone in biomass. Changes in temperature, or increased osmotic pressure had in the most cases a negative effect on biomass production.
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Study of the ETICS surface resistance to biotic attack
Těžká, Adéla ; Žák,, Antonín (referee) ; Žižková, Nikol (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the study of resistance of ETICS surface treatments to biotic attack. The theoretical part elaborates a research focused on biotic attack of facades of buildings insulated by contact insulation systems ETICS. Based on the information obtained during the elaboration of the bachelor thesis and further study, the optimization methodology of ETICS surface treatment resistance to biotic attack proposed in 2018 is elaborated. In the practical part, the proposed methodology is verified, evaluated and recommendations concerning the suitability of using the proposed methodology in construction practice are implemented.
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Determination of phosphates in waters and characterization of their negtive effects on water ecosystem
Novotný, Radek ; Komendová, Renata (referee) ; Sommer, Lumír (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the negative effects of phosphates in natural waters and their methods of determination. The first part is characterized by a negative impact on natural water and there are characterized the problems associated with eutrophication, development of cyanobacteria and algae and the resulting potential health risks. The second section describes the methods by which phosphates can be determined. The work highlights the particular spectrophotometric methods such as molybdophosphoric acid, vanadomolybdophosphoric acid, wolframophosphoric acid, phosphomolybdenum blue and methods with some basic dyes such as rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G, malachite green and crystal violet. There are also mentioned methods, which are used less frequently, but they are relatively sensitive, such as AAS, AES, LC-ICP-MS and next such as chromatographic, electrochemical and enzymatic methods. Finally, work mentions the possibility of using automatic techniques such as FIA or CFA, which are suitable for routine and frequent determination, often using the spectrophotometric methods, but not only these.
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Use of autotrophic algae to production of biomass and some metabolites
Chrástová, Nikola ; Kostovová, Iveta (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Chlorophyll and carotenoids are natural pigments and antioxidants. These pigments are suitable for use in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics or food industries. Lipids are another major metabolite of algae and are a potential feedstock for biofuel production. This bachelor thesis deals with the cultivation of selected genera of autotrophic algae, subsequent isolation of these selected metabolites and their application. The theoretical part focuses on the description of the algae, the metabolites produced, the cultivation and the chosen methods. The experimental part deals with the optimization of the cultivation of algae of the genera Chlorella, Chlamydomonas and Desmodesmus, depending on the chosen medium and intensity of illumination, determination and quantification of algal biomass. Further, extraction of lipidic and carotenoid substances and determination by HPLC and GC was performed. In the overall comparison, the best producer of biomass is the algal genus Desmodesmus and the highest production of pigments and lipid substances was reached in algae of the genus Chlamydomonas.
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Use of combination of bacteria and algae for wastewater treatment
Hlavsová, Barbora ; Stříteský, Lubomír (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to introduce the reader to the ever improving methods of biological wastewater treatment with the use of bacteria, algae and combination of both. Further it elaborates on the promising ways of utilizing biomass gained from these treatments in various sectors, such as energetics, chemistry, pharmacy and agriculture. The second part of the thesis offers a techno-economic study of wastewater treatment using combination of bacteria and algae in a specifically assigned area.
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Use of algae extracts in cosmetics
Plášková, Anna ; Rapta, Marek (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This thesis is focused on a preparation of extracts from selected species of algal and cyanobacterial strains, their characterization, a cytotoxicity testing and a use in cosmetic products. The theoretical part contains the review of a taxonomic classification and parameters of algae and cyanobacteria and basic information about used organisms. There is a description of the most significant factors influencing the algae cultivation and production of biomass. Further, active substances of algae and cyanobacteria, which could be used in cosmetic products as UV protective substances, were described. An overview of extraction techniques, encapsulation of active substance into liposomes and particles characterization, antioxidant activity analysis, and cytotoxicity tests is given too. In experimental part, antioxidant activity of algal extracts and chlorophyll a and carotenoid content were determined spectrophotometrically. The long-term stability of extracts was monitored for three weeks. Liposomes were prepared by sonification and encapsulation activity was analysed. The Dynamic Light Scattering method (DLS) was used for analysis of polydispersity and size of liposomes. Colloid stability of particles was determined by zeta potential. Cytotoxicity tests were performed using MTT assay. The prepared extracts, particles and lyophilized biomass of algal and cyanobacterial strain were further used as active substances in the formulation of cosmetic products (type o/w). These creams were tested on human skin.
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Use of algae for production of biomass and bioproducts
Slonek, Jaroslav ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Brummer, Vladimír (advisor)
Submitted bachelor thesis is focused on description of use of algae for biomass and bioproducts production. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the taxonomic classification of algae and a basic summary of the characteristics of the different algal groups. The next part is aimed at bioproducts, which are obtained by algae cultivation and possibilities of further processing for energy purposes are also described. As for the cultivation, the emphasis is on modern methods in this area, i.e. on the possibility of using waste products in the culture process. In the next part, technological parameters of cultivation are discussed, for instance effects of technological parameters on growth and composition of biomass and production of desired products. The next chapter summarizes types of used culture bioreactors in which the growth of biomass occurs in a controlled environment. The information obtained and collected in the thesis is further discussed and summarized in the conclusion.
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CO2 reduction with algae
Naider, Jakub ; Rebej, Miroslav (referee) ; Vondál, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of this final thesis is the process of algae cultivation their use for carbon dioxid reduction. The main objective of this work is the mass and heat balance of the photobioreactor and the design of a temperature control system. Within the research work, an overview of certain types of bioreactors and photobioreactors, the current situation around the climate and the impact of the cultivation of algae on carbon dioxide emissions. The model for temperature control and mass transfer of a plate photobioreactor is created in this work.
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